Key commodities: oil and energy
Undoubtedly, crude oil is the main raw material for refineries; this complex mixture of liquid, gaseous and solid hydrocarbons, extracted from underground, is the source from which all refined products are derived. The quality of crude oil, defined by its chemical composition, directly influences the end products that can be obtained and the complexity of the refining process.
Energy is the second key raw material that powers thermal processes within the refinery, as it comes mainly from fossil fuels or renewable sources.